Pope Francis beneath an image of St. Oscar Romero during WYD in Panama. |
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In his address to the Episcopal Secretariat of Central
America (SEDAC, for its Spanish name) on January 24, 2019, Pope Francis
proposed St. Oscar Romero as a model for the bishops of the region. [Text of
the speech here;
and good summaries in English here,
and in Spanish here.]
The Foreign Minister of El Salvador Carlos Castaneda declared that Francis had
presented Romero “as one of the great figures
in the world, a spiritual guide par excellence”, in this address. [See also: Romero for Doctor of the Church; the other doctors.]
Papal admiration
Introducing Romero, Francis demonstrated that he has great
admiration for the saint. Francis told SEDAC that he wanted to proceed not only
“with the figure of Romero”, but “along with Saint Oscar” (in Sp.,
‘hand in hand with St. Oscar’), “whom I recently had the privilege of
canonizing.” Later, addressing the young people present at the gathering, Francis
again showed his enthusiasm for Romero.
“A saint from these
lands,” the Pope began to say to the boisterous youth; but first he asked for attention: “listen to this.” Then he went on: “a saint from these lands liked to say that: «Christianity
is not a collection of truths to be believed, of rules to be followed, or of
prohibitions».”[i]
The words were Romero's. Francis completed the quote: «Seen that way Christianity puts us off.[ii]
Christianity is a person who loved me immensely, who demands and asks for my
love. Christianity is Christ.»[iii]
(Homily, November 6, 1977.) In fact, Francis liked the phrase so well that he
asked the young people to repeat it three times: “Christianity is Christ!”.
Update: back in Rome after the trip, Pope Francis told pilgrims at his General Audience on January 30, 2019 that he and the Central American bishops had “let ourselves be taught by the testimony of the holy bishop Oscar Romero” during their encounter.
Update: back in Rome after the trip, Pope Francis told pilgrims at his General Audience on January 30, 2019 that he and the Central American bishops had “let ourselves be taught by the testimony of the holy bishop Oscar Romero” during their encounter.
The speech before SEDAC cited various Romero homilies, as
well as examples from his life. The text should also be read alongside other
pronouncements by Francis on Romero, especially his letter
to the Salvadoran bishops for Romero’s beatification, and Francis’ words to
Salvadoran pilgrims in Rome in October 2015, and October 2018.
A Latin American
father
To the pilgrims last October, Francis said
that Romero is “a distinguished pastor of
the American continent”, and indeed before SEDAC he presented him as a
father of the church in the continent. “To
appeal to the figure of Romero is to appeal to the holiness and prophetic
character present in the DNA of your particular Churches,” Francis told the
Central American bishops.
Already at the time of his beatification, Francis wrote to
the Salvadoran bishops that it was a “day
of celebration for the Salvadoran nation, and also for the beautiful Latin
American countries.” This word was concretized in Panama, where Francis
placed a relic of Romero on the altar of the oldest cathedral on the continent,
along with others of the most prominent Latin American saints, St. Martin of
Porres and St. Rose of Lima.
A model bishop
Most of all, Francis presented Romero as a model for
bishops. He did so in October, in the middle of the synod of bishops, when Francis
introduced
Romero to “all my brothers in the
Episcopate”, as “an example and a
stimulus in the ministry entrusted to you.”
In Panama this has been put in a sharper focus. “His life and his teachings,” said Francis,
speaking of Romero, “remain a source of
inspiration for our Churches and, in a special way, for us as bishops.” It
is noteworthy that Francis identifies two different aspects: “his life and his teachings”. His life
has already been enshrined as worthy of admiration, because he lived as a saint
and died as a martyr. But Francis is pointing out his teaching as another important aspect of his legacy.
In particular, Francis highlights Romero as exemplary for
his pastoral approach: “a yardstick,
however daunting, to help us measure our own hearts as bishops,” he told
SEDAC.
On this point there seems to be ecumenical agreement: at the time of the canonization, the Archbishop of Canterbury wrote the Pontiff that Romero was “a true example to all Christians, and particularly to our fellow bishops.”
On this point there seems to be ecumenical agreement: at the time of the canonization, the Archbishop of Canterbury wrote the Pontiff that Romero was “a true example to all Christians, and particularly to our fellow bishops.”
Thinking With The
Church
The first “teaching” of Romero that Francis meditates with
SEDAC is Romero’s episcopal motto (“Thinking With The Church”), which,
according to Francis, “clearly expresses
the principle that guided his life as a pastor.”
Francis declares it “the
compass for his life and fidelity.” In fact, Romero himself wrote that his
episcopal motto “concretely means
unconditional attachment to the Hierarchy” (Chaparrastique, 1965). In the same way, Francis defends Romero from
any accusation of straying: “He was
neither an ideologue nor ideological; his actions were born of a thorough
familiarity with the Council documents.”
But Romero’s “Thinking with the Church” does not stop at the
study and theoretical acceptance of the texts adopted by the hierarchy at
Vatican II. “Against this ecclesial
horizon,” says Francis, “thinking
with the Church meant, for Romero, contemplating her as the People of God.”
Romero’s genius is that he transforms his hierarchical and
orthodox “thinking” into a broad and popular insight. It becomes an opening to
the suffering of his people, listening to their anxieties and aspirations, and
to the identification and closeness with his priests (for example, Francis points out, Fr. Rutilio
Grande).
Church of the Kenosis
Francis's great innovation at SEDAC was to present Romero as
the great teacher on ‘the Church of the kenosis
of Christ’ (that is, his voluntary dispossession of his divinity to assume a
total identification with humanity through the incarnation). To reflect that kenosis, said Romero, and Francis repeats
it now, means for the Church to divest itself of all traits of worldly power and privileges.
Romero explains it explicitly in a homily
on October 1, 1978. Romero speaks of kenosis
to explain the abandonment by the post-conciliar popes of the symbols of power:
the coronation, the tiara, the sedia
gestatoria; and by Romero in living in a hospital for cancer patients and
identifying with the poor. This is interesting because Francis has taken up this
option decisively by not using the papal apartments, or the more sumptuous vestments,
and by wanting to become closer to “the existential peripheries” than the
centers of power.
Apart from evidencing a deep knowledge, on the part of the
Pope, of the pronouncements of the martyred bishop, the proposal also has a
solid foundation in terms of Romero’s doctrinal development. A note by the
Romero's biographer, Fr. James R. Brockman, establishes how Romero evolved from
being a rigorous ascetic who deprived himself of sensual excesses to becoming
someone who sought to empty himself in order to maturely accept the will of
God.[iv]
In this historic address to SEDAC, Francis has placed St.
Oscar Romero as a true standard for the Latin American Church, whose teachings
should be incorporated into the continental magisterium.
(On the Feast of St.
Thomas Aquinas)
[i] Compare:
Benedict XVI, pronouncement
of August 5, 2006: “Christianity, Catholicism,
is not a collection of prohibitions: it is a positive option.”
[ii] See
also: Benedict XVI, «DEUS
CARITAS EST,» number 3: “doesn't
the Church, with all her commandments and prohibitions, turn to bitterness the
most precious thing in life?”
[iii] Benedict
XVI, Op. Cit., Number 1: “Being Christian is not the result of an
ethical choice or a lofty idea, but the encounter with an event, a person,
which gives life a new horizon and a decisive direction.”
[iv] James
R. Brockman, S.J., “The Spiritual Journey
of Oscar Romero”, Spirituality Today,
Winter 1990, Vol. 42 No. 4 303-322, available at:
https://opcentral.org/resources/2015/01/21/james-r-brockman-s-j-the-spiritual-journey-of-oscar-romero/#4.